Chapter 26 - BCM: Base-criterion method for multi-attribute decision-making
Abstract
This chapter presents the base-criterion method (BCM) as an efficient and consistency-oriented approach for deriving criterion weights in multi-attribute decision-making. Unlike traditional pairwise-comparison methods such as the analytic hierarchy process and the best–worst method, BCM requires only n − 1 judgments by referencing all comparisons to a single base criterion. The method incorporates an input-control mechanism and variable numerical scales to prevent directional and strength inconsistencies and ensures that all derived pairwise ratios remain within acceptable bounds. A min–max optimization model is then used to obtain fully consistent weights and reconstruct the complete comparison matrix. The chapter provides a thorough methodological explanation and illustrates the application of BCM through two sustainability-oriented numerical examples. Comparative analyses demonstrate BCM’s advantages in terms of reduced cognitive load, improved consistency, and computational simplicity, making it a practical and transparent tool for complex decision-making contexts.